Successful lung-sparing resection of synchronous pleural mesothelioma and contralateral lung cancer

BACKGROUND Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an uncommon malignant tumor, and its synchronous occurrence with primary lung cancer is extremely rare. Here, we report the first surgical case of synchronous MPM and contralateral lung adenocarcinoma. Extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) combined with surgery for contralateral lung cancer may not be tolerated, and a lung-sparing procedure including pleurectomy/decortication (P/D) can be an alternative to achieve complete resection. CASE PRESENTATION A 69-year-old male with right MPM and lung adenocarcinoma in the left upper lobe presented. Two lesions were judged to be synchronous MPM and lung cancer that were both potentially resectable clinical stage I diseases, and complete resection of both tumors was successfully achieved with right P/D following left upper division segmentectomy. CONCLUSIONS P/D, not EPP, is a less invasive surgical procedure for MPM with curative intent and can be performed in combination with contralateral lung resection.